POLYGAMY AND GENDER DYNAMICS IN ISLAM: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION

Abstract

This article critically examines polygamy in Islam, exploring its historical, theological, and contemporary dimensions. Polygyny, permitted under specific conditions, aims to ensure justice and equity among wives. The study investigates the gender dynamics in polygamous marriages, assessing the psychological, social, and economic impacts on women and broader societal implications. Reviewing religious texts, scholarly articles, and qualitative data from personal narratives, provides a comprehensive understanding of polygamy’s role in Islamic societies. Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) marriages serve as exemplary models, guided by divine directives to address social, political, and religious needs. These marriages provided protection to vulnerable women, forged political alliances, set slaves free, and broke social taboos. In contemporary contexts, polygamy presents significant challenges regarding gender equality and women’s rights. Modern legal reforms in Muslim-majority countries reflect ethical and human rights considerations, regulating or prohibiting polygamy to protect women’s rights. Cultural traditions and socio-economic factors also influence attitudes towards polygamy. The article concludes that while polygamy is permissible in Islam, its practice must be critically assessed and regulated to align with contemporary values of gender equality and human rights. Addressing the inherent challenges and promoting strategies for gender justice can contribute to ongoing discussions and inform future research and policy initiatives, ensuring the dignity and rights of all individuals involved