- Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu* and Priya Homa Chukwu**
- 1Department of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, Africa University, Zimbabwe, 2Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
- FAR Journal of Advanced Medical Studies (FARJAMS)
Abstract
The co-occurrence of HIV and sickle cell disease (SCD) poses significant clinical challenges, with both conditions contributing to immune dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has revolutionized the treatment of HIV, may influence the progression of SCD, although its impact remains underexplored. This review aims to examine the potential effects of ART on the progression of SCD, focusing on immune modulation, inflammation, hematologic changes, and clinical outcomes in individuals with both conditions. ART’s ability to suppress HIV replication and enhance immune function may provide indirect benefits to individuals with SCD by reducing opportunistic infections and inflammation that could exacerbate sickle cell crises. ART’s anti-inflammatory effects could reduce some of the chronic inflammation seen in SCD, potentially alleviating vascular dysfunction and organ damage. However, certain ART regimens, especially those containing drugs like zidovudine, may contribute to hematologic side effects, including bone marrow suppression, which could worsen anemia in SCD patients. Additionally, potential drug-drug interactions between ART and sickle cell medications, such as hydroxyurea, highlight the importance of careful management to avoid adverse effects. Furthermore, ART’s role in improving overall health and quality of life for individuals with both HIV and SCD underscores the need for a comprehensive, patient-centered approach.
