- Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu* and Priya Homa Chukwu**
- 1Department of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, Africa University, Zimbabwe, 2Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
- FAR Journal of Advanced Medical Studies (FARJAMS)
Abstract
The intersection of HIV and Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) presents a unique and complex clinical challenge, as both conditions independently contribute to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and vascular complications. HIV infection exacerbates
hemolysis, anemia, and vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in SCA patients, increasing morbidity and mortality. The dual burden of these diseases is particularly significant in sub-Saharan Africa, where both conditions have high prevalence rates. Understanding the intricate pathophysiological interactions between HIV and SCA is crucial for improving patient outcomes and developing
targeted therapeutic strategies. Managing HIV-positive SCA patients requires a multidisciplinary approach due to overlapping
complications and potential drug interactions. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can influence hematologic parameters, with some
regimens exacerbating anemia and others requiring careful selection to minimize toxicity. Additionally, SCA-related
complications such as stroke, acute chest syndrome, and infections are more severe in the presence of HIV-induced immune
suppression. Blood transfusions, hydroxyurea therapy, and supportive care must be carefully tailored to balance the risks and
benefits in this vulnerable population.
